• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Disclosed are a clean earthworm culture medium, and a preparation method and a use thereof. The preparation method includes: selecting agricultural residues like straw, forestry residues like branches and leaves, or grassland clippings as a raw material, measuring contents of lignin, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total oxygen, and ash in the raw material, carrying out 10 experimental design by using the contents of lignin, total phosphorus, and ash as independent variables and a weight gain of a selected earthworm species in 30 days as a response variable, calculating a correction factor based on the experimental design, and establishing a correction equation to weight a carbon to nitrogen ratio of the selected raw material to obtain a weighted carbon to nitrogen ratio, adding water to the raw material and stirring thoroughly, and packing 15 a mixture obtained after stirring and then introducing compressed air; and after fermentation, taking out the mixture and insolating or drying it, and adding the dried material to an oil-water mixture and putting it aside in a ventilated environment, so that the material is applicable to culture of the earthworm species. The present invention solves the sanitary safety and environmental problems in the existing earthworm culture process, and realizes resourceful 20 collaborative utilization of various agricultural, forestry and grass residues.
    公开号:NL2028554A
    申请号:NL2028554
    申请日:2021-06-28
    公开日:2022-02-17
    发明作者:Zhao Jian；Xu Hao；Jiang Jianchun；Yang Jing；Wei Min；Xie Jingcong；Zhang Ning
    申请人:Inst Chemical Ind Forest Products Caf；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CLEAN EARTHWORM CULTURE MEDIUM, AND PREPARATION METHODAND USE THEREOF
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the field of fermentation engineering, animal breeding, and environmental protection; and in particular, to a clean earthworm culture medium, and a preparation method and a use thereof. Description of Related Art With the development of science and technology and people's increasing attention to environmental protection and health issues, the breeding and application of earthworms has also attracted more and more attention from the industry. At present, earthworm-related industries include aquaculture, poultry and livestock farming, medical and health care, food industry, environmental protection, and soil improvement projects, etc. However, in sharp contrast to the rapid expansion and upgrading of the earthworm-related industries, large-scale breeding of the earthworms, especially preparation of a base material, is still relatively backward and rough. The preparation method of the base material in the current industry is to mix straw with livestock manure, paper pulp, municipal waste, kitchen waste, soil, various types of sludge, and other raw materials for composting, and then add acidifier and other chemicals to prepare a breeding base material. This process has such advantages that the pretreatment process and formulation method are relatively simple and the eutrophication degree of the raw materials also greatly reduces the requirement on the fermentation technology during production. However, problems posed by the eutrophic raw materials cannot be ignored either. First, the use of manure, municipal waste, etc. as the main ingredients brings hidden dangers in sanitary safety. Although the mature composting process can suppress most harmful microorganisms and viruses, operators often have to come into direct contact with the raw materials which have not been thoroughly decomposed due to constraints of production conditions during transport and production, posing a risk of infection. Secondly, eutrophic ingredients are very likely to produce high-concentration ammonia, methane and other harmful gases during the composting process, and further the produced strong-smelling waste liquids cause environmental pollution and health hazards. In addition, if industrial wastes such as paper pulp and industrial sludge are added to the ingredients, the heavy metals therein affect human health usually through the enrichment effect of the ecological chain. Especially, with the current industrial upgrading, earthworm products are gradually moving from industrial and environmental fields into high-end consumer products such as food, medical care, health care, and beauty, which further increases the sanitary and health risks of the industry and also receives more and more attention. With the steady progress in recent years in basic research areas such as chemical analysis, fermentation engineering, experimental design, and statistical algorithms, researchers can infer the structural nutritional requirements of a specific earthworm species at a macro level, and calculate breeding applicability of the formula by using chemical components such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ash content, and lignin content as indicators. Based on this, through the improvement to the earthworm culture base material, the earthworm-related industry, especially the earthworm breeding industry, can move away from the high-risk workshop production mode and towards an intensive and green industry.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Technical Problem The technical problem to be solved is as follows: In order to solve the sanitary safety and environmental problems in the existing earthworm culture process, the present invention provides a clean earthworm culture medium and a preparation method thereof, realizing resourceful collaborative utilization of various agricultural, forestry and grass residues. Technical Solution A method for preparing a clean earthworm culture medium includes the following steps: selecting agricultural residues like straw, forestry residues like branches and leaves, or grassland clippings as a raw material; measuring contents of lignin, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total oxygen, and ash in the raw material; carrying out experimental design by using the contents of lignin, total phosphorus, and ash as independent variables and a weight gain of a selected earthworm species in 30 days as a response variable; calculating a correction factor based on the experimental design, and establishing a correction equation to weight a carbon to nitrogen ratio of the selected raw material to obtain a weighted carbon to nitrogen ratio, where a general expression of the correction factor is (C/N)gx = a(1-XY)+bY+c[X/(d-Z)], a, b, c‚ and d being empirical constants which are 0.83, 1.52, 0.20, and 0.50 respectively, and X, Y and Z being respectively the lignin content (wt.%), total phosphorus content (wt.%), and ash content (wt.%) in the used raw material; and the correction equation is: the actual carbon to nitrogen ratio of the raw material x (C/N)ux = the weighted carbon to nitrogen ratio; adding water with a mass of 1.5 to 2 times that of the raw material to the raw material and stirring thoroughly, and packing a mixture obtained after stirring and then introducing compressed air,
    where an air flow rate is 0.4L to IL per minute per kilogram of the mixture; and after fermentation for 30 days, taking out the mixture and insolating or drying it for 48h to 72h, adding the dried material to an oil-water mixture and putting it aside in a ventilated environment for 3 to 7 days, so that the material is applicable to culture of the earthworm species. Preferably, the weighted carbon to nitrogen ratio 1s 24(%8):1. Preferably, the addition amount of the oil-water mixture 1s 1.5 to 2 times the dry weight of the fermented material, where the mass fraction of water is 99% and the mass fraction of oil is 1%, and the composition of the oil includes at least two of vegetable oil, animal fat, and waste kitchen grease. A clean earthworm culture medium prepared by using the foregoing preparation method is provided. A use of the clean earthworm culture medium prepared by using the foregoing preparation method in preparation of earthworm breeding products is further provided. The earthworm species is lumbricus rubellus, eisenia foetida, pheretima, pontoscolex corethrurus, or lumbricus terrestris. Advantageous Effect The earthworm culture medium prepared by the present invention can meet growth and reproduction requirements of a specific earthworm species, and differs from the conventional earthworm culture medium in that the medium uses non-food residues from agriculture, forestry, and lawn (or grassland) as the raw material. While meeting the growth requirements of the specific earthworm species, the prepared medium does not contain raw materials, such as livestock manure, paper pulp, municipal waste, kitchen waste, soil, and various types of sludge, that easily carry human and animal pathogens, heavy metals, and organic pollutants. The present invention has features of a wide range of materials, high process stability, and high operability; and greatly reduces various possible health and environmental risks to workers, downstream consumers, and the surrounding ecology during base material production and earthworm productization at the process design level.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Table 1 Chemical component contents of some agricultural, forestry, and grass residues Weighted Original Ash Total Correction carbon to carbon to ~~ Lignin (%) content phosphor factor (%) nitrogen nitrogen (%) us (%)
    Tati rato Cornstalks 14.261 36:1 39.60 1500 622 004 Bran 9.32:1 16:1 58.24 7.00 5.14 0.26 Paper mulberry 5.15:1 9:1 57.26 2.56 8.14 0.24 leaves Paper mulberry 38.31:1 101:1 37.93 18.76 15.36 0.02 chips Wheat stalks
    18.22:1 47:1 38.78 16.38 3.49 0.03 Lawn clippings 16.49:1 26:1 63.42 2.00 4.95 0.31 Corncobs 64.44:1 88:1 73.23 1.00 1.36 0.42 Straw 27.49:1 72:1 38.18 6.90 3.17 0.02 Exampel Forestry and agricultural residues were selected as solid fermentation raw materials for an earthworm culture medium. The selected residues included cornstalks, corncobs, paper mulberry leaves, and paper mulberry chips, which were in total four raw materials of biomass residues. Measurement results of chemical components therein and data about weighted carbon to nitrogen ratios are shown in table 1.
    The moisture contents of the raw materials including the cornstalks, the corncobs, the paper mulberry leaves, and the paper mulberry chips were separately measured, and dry matter weights were calculated. A mixture of the raw materials was formulated with a weighted carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25:1 as the standard. The formula calculated based on dry matter mass was as follows: 30% cornstalks (wet weight of 315 kg), 28% corncobs (wet weight of 298 kg), 40% paper mulberry leaves (wet weight of 470 kg), and 2% paper mulberry chips (wet weight of 25 kg). After the formula was prepared, 1500kg water was added thereto and stirred thoroughly. A mixture obtained after stirring was packed and compressed air was introduced, where an air flow rate was IL per minute per kilogram of the mixture. After fermentation for 30 days, the mixture was taken out and dried at 60°C for 72h to remove harmful gases and volatiles. The dried material was added to a pre-formulated oil-water mixture (1500kg water, Skg lard, and 10kg vegetable oil) and put aside in a ventilated environment for 7 days, and then pontoscolex corethrurus was placed in for culture. After culture for 15 days, a weight gain rate reached 305(+15)% and a death rate was 0.9(+0.2)%; and the cultured earthworms were shiny and vigorous. 5 Example 2 Forestry residues and lawn (or grassland) clippings were selected as solid fermentation raw materials for an earthworm culture medium. The selected residues included lawn clippings, paper mulberry leaves, and paper mulberry chips, which were in total three raw materials of biomass residues. Measurement results of chemical components therein and data about weighted carbon to nitrogen ratios are shown in table 1.
    The moisture contents of the raw materials including the lawn clippings, the paper mulberry leaves, and the paper mulberry chips were separately measured, and dry matter weights were calculated. A mixture of the raw materials was formulated with a weighted carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25:1 as the standard. The formula calculated based on dry matter mass was as follows: 30% lawn clippings (wet weight of 385 kg), 65% paper mulberry leaves (wet weight of 765 kg), and 5% paper mulberry chips (wet weight of 55.5 kg). After the formula was prepared, 1400kg water was added thereto and stirred thoroughly. A mixture obtained after stirring was packed and compressed air was introduced, where an air flow rate was IL per minute per kilogram of the mixture. After fermentation for 30 days, the mixture was taken out and dried at 60°C for 72h to remove harmful gases and volatiles. The dried material was added to a pre-formulated oil-water mixture (1500kg water, Skg lard, and 10kg vegetable oil) and put aside in a ventilated environment for 7 days, and then eisenia foetida was placed in for culture. After culture for 15 days, a weight gain rate reached 412(+14)% and a death rate was 0.4(+0.3)%; and the cultured earthworms were shiny and vigorous.
    Example 3 Agricultural residues, forestry residues, and lawn (or grassland) clippings were selected as solid fermentation raw materials for an earthworm culture medium. The selected residues included lawn clippings, paper mulberry leaves, and cornstalks, which were in total three raw materials of biomass residues. Measurement results of chemical components therein and data about weighted carbon to nitrogen ratios are shown in table 1.
    The moisture contents of the raw materials including the lawn clippings, the paper mulberry chips, and the cornstalks were separately measured, and dry matter weights were calculated. A mixture of the raw materials was formulated with a weighted carbon to nitrogen ratio of 25:1 as the standard. The formula calculated based on dry matter mass was as follows:
    30% lawn clippings (wet weight of 385 kg), 40% paper mulberry chips (wet weight of 430 kg), and 30% cornstalks (wet weight of 333.5 kg). After the formula was prepared, 1400kg water was added thereto and stirred thoroughly. A mixture obtained after stirring was packed and compressed air was introduced, where an air flow rate was IL per minute per kilogram of the mixture. After fermentation for 30 days, the mixture was taken out and dried at 60°C for 72h to remove harmful gases and volatiles. The dried material was added to a pre-formulated oil-water mixture (1500kg water, 5kg lard, and 10kg vegetable oil) and put aside in a ventilated environment for 7 days, and then eisenia foetida was placed in for culture. After culture for 15 days, a weight gain rate reached 313(+14)% and a death rate was 0.8(+0. 1%; and the cultured earthworms were shiny and vigorous.
    By using formulas with other mixing proportions, the weight gain rates of the earthworms in 15 days all reached above 250%, and the preparation methods using the formulas were roughly identical, so the details are not described herein again. The above merely describes specific examples of the present invention. It should be noted that, several improvements and modifications may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. A method for preparing a clean earthworm culture medium, comprising the following steps: selecting agricultural waste products such as straw, forestry waste products such as branches and leaves or grass clippings as raw material; measure amounts of lignin, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total oxygen and ash in the feedstock; perform experimental design using the amounts of lignin, total phosphorus and ash as independent variables and a weight gain of a selected earthworm species at 30 days as a response variable; calculate a correction factor based on the experimental design and a correction equation to weight a carbon to nitrogen ratio of the selected feedstock to obtain a weighted carbon to nitrogen ratio, where an overall expression of the correction factor (CN) = a(1-XY )+bY+e[X/(dZ)] 1s, where a, b, c, and d are empirical constants which are 0.83, 1.52, 0.20, and 0.50, respectively, and X, Y, and Z are the lignin amount (% m/m), total phosphorus amount (% m/m) and ash amount (% m/m) in the raw material used; and the correction equation is: the actual carbon to nitrogen ratio of the feedstock = (C/N)nx = the weighted carbon to nitrogen ratio, add water with a mass of 1.5 to 2 times that of the feedstock to the feedstock and solid stirring, and packing a obtained mixture after stirring and then adding compressed air, wherein an air flow rate is 0.4 to 1 l per minute per kilogram of the mixture; and after the fermentation for 30 days, take out the mixture and isolate or dry it for 48 to 72 hours, add the dried material to an oil-water mixture and place it in a ventilated environment for 3 to 7 days, so that the material can be used to to breed the earthworm species.
    [2]
    A method for preparing a clean earthworm culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the weighted ratio of carbon to nitrogen is 24(#8):1.
    [3]
    The method for preparing a clean earthworm culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the additional amount of the oil-water mixture is 1.5 to 2 times the dry weight of the fermented material; the mass fraction of water is 99% of the mass fraction of oil is 1%; and the composition of the oil comprises at least two of vegetable oil, animal fat and kitchen fat.
    [4]
    A clean earthworm culture medium prepared by using the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
    [5]
    A use of the clean earthworm culture medium according to claim 4 for preparing earthworm culture products.
    [6]
    The use of claim 5, wherein the earthworm species is lumbricus rubellus,eisenia foetida, pheretima, pontoscolex corethrurus, or lumbricus terrestris.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN111887206A|2020-11-06|
    CN111887206B|2022-03-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CN106615639A|2016-09-18|2017-05-10|遵义师范学院|Earthworm culture medium and preparation method thereof and earthworm culture method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CN202010596292.5A|CN111887206B|2020-06-28|2020-06-28|Clean earthworm culture medium and preparation method and application thereof|
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